When we organize the initial public offering of a foreign company in the United States, we usually need to make the foreign company become a wholly owned subsidiary of the U.S. corporation, or to merge the Foreign Company into the U.S. corporation. Need or Necessity for a Swap Whichever is the method, it is almost … Read more
The Secret originates from the law, either as attributed to a profession, then it will be called Professional Secret or as attributed to those who exercise a state authority. It will then be designated as Secret of Function. Confidentiality emanates from private law, mainly as the result of a contractual clause or of a contract. … Read more
The smart contract is a small computer application simulating the operation of a contract: The manifestation of reciprocal and concordant wills, materialized by several valid consents, to exchange a good or a service, according to pre-determined terms, sometimes in the form of firm commitments, sometimes in the form of conditional commitments. The reliability of the … Read more
Principle The purpose of financial projections is to estimate the future performance of a particular issuer using the necessary assumptions in order to prepare the budget decisions, to draw up a financing plan or to guide the buyer in his subscription. These financial projections are calculated using more or less known future data and some … Read more
excerpt from Isabelle Nazare-Aga’s book “The manipulators are among us“. I have been hesitating a long time to publish an article where more than 80% of the content does not come from my pen and I finally decided that my first mission is not to be original but to train. However, almost everything taught does … Read more
Most entrepreneurs write their business plan as a shopping list and a description of how they intend to build their project. Except for themselves and maybe a few, family, friends and fools who love or admire those entrepreneurs, nobody cares about it. At least not an investor, unless he perceives feasibility itself as an issue. … Read more
In finance, the private equity secondary market (also often called private equity secondaries secondaries) refers to the buying and selling of pre-existing investor commitments to private equity and other alternative investment funds. Given the absence of established trading markets for these interests, the transfer of interests in private equity funds as well as hedge funds can … Read more
In finance, private equity is a type of investment where the investor participates in the ownership of the company contrarily to a creditor or debt owner. It is also an asset class consisting of equity securities in companies that are not publicly traded on a securities exchange. A private equity investment will generally be made … Read more
The distribution of shares of stock, of bonds or of any other sort of securities can be done in a private or public manner. Everywhere in the world, any distribution of securities is highly regulated by the legal order. This arises from the very nature of the security that incorporates a right or an obligation … Read more
Securities markets play a crucial role in the financial ecosystem by enabling capital allocation and investment. These markets are broadly categorized into primary and secondary markets. While both markets facilitate the buying and selling of securities, they serve different purposes and involve distinct participants. Understanding their functions, processes, and impact is essential for investors, corporations, … Read more
