U.S. Securities Markets Access Regulation

REGULATION A + Title IV of the JOBS Act, also known as Regulatory A + or Reg A +, represents a new form of securities offer on the stock markets for the general public. Its price is greatly reduced since it is sufficient to register with the Securities & Exchange Commission the audited financial statements … Read more

The Costs of the IPO – Initial Public Offering

An Initial Public Offering (IPO) is a significant event in the life of a company, marking its transition from a privately held organization to a publicly traded entity. The process involves numerous steps, from engaging in due diligence to marketing and selling the company’s shares to public investors. Each of these steps comes with various … Read more

Standard Documentation of a Securities Issuer

After describing the Financing principle in a previous article, it is now time to describe the Standard Documentation of a Securities Issuer but I feel obliged to repeat the Disclosure Principle and the Disclosure Document. Disclosure Who wants a Capital must provide to any Prospect without it requiring it. Any material information of such a … Read more

Shareholders’​ Agreement

In most jurisdictions, the only real obligation of the shareholder is to release the subscription amount of his participation, that is, to pay it. If he has paid the full amount of the subscription of his participation, initially or subsequently, the term then refers to fully paid-in share capital or shareholding. If he has paid … Read more

Momentum

Initialement, le Momentum désignait un facteur d’analyse technique utilisé par les intervenants en bourse. À l’instar d’autres indicateurs techniques, il donne des signaux d’achat ou de vente sur des titres, par exemple des actions. Par la suite, le terme se généralisa. Il désigna d’une part l’instant T auquel une action doit se produire ou auquel … Read more

The Protocol of Agreement

The Protocol of Agreement is: an act under private seal, between natural or legal persons,or a public or international act between subjects of public law such as the communities or the States, which took note of one or more specific points, which it materializes in a legal act as binding as a contract. Part of … Read more